After the fall of the Kingdom of Mysore, the British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai, then known as Madras, as a metropolitan city. The region was ruled by several regimes, including the " three crowned rulers" – Chera, Chola and Pandyan states, which shape the region's cuisine, culture, and architecture. The official language is Tamil, one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world. The state is bounded by the Western Ghats in the west, the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait to the south-east, and the Indian Ocean in the south. Lying in the southern-most part of the Indian subcontinent, Tamil Nadu is bordered by the Indian union territory of Puducherry and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, as well as an international maritime border with Sri Lanka. Tamil Nadu ( / ˌ t æ m ɪ l ˈ n ɑː d uː/ Tamil: ( listen)) is a state in southern India. ^† Established in 1773 Madras State was formed in 1950 and renamed as Tamil Nadu on 14 January 1969 ![]() ^# Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem, while Invocation to Mother Tamil is the state song/anthem.
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